Aprovechamiento de ceniza volcánica como estimulador en el proceso degradativo de materia orgánica de origen vegetal para la obtención de un compost.

Abstract

The present research aimed to take advantage of volcanic ash as a stimulator in the degradation of organic plant matter to obtain compost, it took advantage of a slope terrain adapting it with the construction of terraces, for the composting process was used a system of composters built of wood and metal mesh (1x1x1 m), 12 composters were raised since it was made with four treatments with three repetitions each. The vegetal residues were collected during a month, the volcanic ash was collected at the foot of the Tungurahua volcano at 2800 masl. To start with the composting process the raw material was crushed reducing its size between 5 and 10 cm, the starting C / N ratio was analyzed with an initial sample resulting in (T1 = 27.06 / 1 T2 = 25.96 / 1 T3 = 26.71 / 1 T4 = 28.38 / 1), to protect the compost from the rains a cover was built, in the process parameters such as temperature, pH, humidity, electrical conductivity, organic matter were controlled turning around when needed and collecting samples in each one. The final product was obtained in 152 days, to determine its quality physical chemical analysis was performed (Humidity: T1 = 46.51% T2 = 45.05% T3 = 45.88% T4 = 44.89%; pH: T1 = 7.24 T2 7.43 T3 = 7.49 T4 = 7.26, CE: T1 = 2.88 mS / cm T2 = 2.50 mS / cm) T3= 1,75 mS/cm T4= 1,65 mS/cm) chemicals, (MO: T1=78,36 %, T2=77,97% T3= 78,93% T4=74,44%; NPK : (T1=1,77% 0,88% 4,28% T2= 1,66% 0,66% 3,96% T3=1,67% 0,43% 2,95% T4= 1,47% 0,37% 2,85%) organic ( Germination index: T1= 89,87% T2=90,83% T3= 91,41% T4=89,21%). Determining that the parameters are within the values of acceptance reported in research related to the compost, it was concluded that a product of good quality was obtained with each treatment, it can able to be used for agricultural or commercial purposes, recommending other treatments with a forced aeration system.