Diseño de un proceso industrial para la obtención de leche de soya en polvo para la Empresa Productos Lácteos “La Herencia".

Abstract

The objective was to design an industrial process to obtain soy milk powder for the dairy company "La Herencia", for this purpose, the simulation of the process was developed at laboratory scale to define it, the characterization was carried out of the raw material to corroborate it is appropriated. The designed process included the reception of the raw material, washing, hydration, extraction and spray drying. After obtaining the data and variables to be controlled in each part of the process, the engineering calculations were made for the sizing of each equipment involved in it such us; the washing equipment, the hydration tank, the soy milk extractor and the spray dryer. The validation of the process was carried out based on the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the product obtained in the experimental part and comparing it with the NORM FOR SOY PROTEIN PRODUCTS. CODEX STAN 175-1989, that despite not requiring microbiological analyzes are carried out in order to ensure that it is not contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, the results indicate that they are correct for the validation of this process, because if we compare them with the parameters of the aforementioned norm, the results are, the humidity does not exceed 10 % (9.16 %), in addition the protein is not less than 50 % (58.9%), in the same way the ash does not exceed 8 % (5.12 %), and finally the amount of raw fiber does not exceed 6 % (0.519 %) as required by the standard. The most important variables identified in the process are the time of hydration of the grain (24 h), the amount of water for the same operation (3: 1), in the extraction the amount of water for soy milk must be controlled (2: 1) and in spray drying the temperature at which it should be between 100 and 115 ° C. It is necessary that the raw material received is of good quality to take advantage of time and human resources, omitting its selection operation.