Estudio de la factibilidad del uso de arcillas de la provincia de Chimborazo para la remoción de colorantes en efluentes de la industria textil.

Abstract

This feasibility study was conducted in order to determine the use of clays from the province of Chimborazo for the removal of dyes in textile effluents. The research process was divided into several stages: the outcroppings of Cacha, Chambo and Licán were selected, then 6 intakes were made by 2kg of each sample, then, it was ground and sifted at mesh lights of 150 µm and 100 µm, also, the physical characterization of colour, consistency, and touch sensation were performed. Subsequently, the textural analysis was carried out, followed by the chemical characterization of the sifted and purified clays, the material sifted at 150 µm was subjected to the processes of modification acid (HCl), basic (Na (OH)) and thermal. The textile effluent was sampled and characterized from the physicochemical point of view, for the measurement of the real colour the sample had to be filtered, then a 1/3 dilution was made to measure the real colour in platinum-cobalt units, as well as a 1/20 dilution was prepared to verify that the effluent complied with the permissible limit of the standard, as a next stage 0.1 g of the clays in 100 ml of the effluent for 2 hours were shaken, and then, the samples were left in rest for 1 hour, then 10 ml of supernatant of the treated effluent was taken and brought to the 1/3 dilution to measure again the real colour in parallel while, a 1/20 dilution of the treated effluent was prepared, which proved that the clays used as adsorbents made possible to comply with the limit given by the standard, the clays that showed the best performance by location were: Cacha with thermal modification showing a removal of 19.7%, Licán with acid modification showing 28.5% of colour removal, and Chambo, modified with a value of 28.4%, the best clay was that one from Licán, whose percentage of removal was above the other samples, this sample will have an industrial use of 2.12 kg to remove the colour of the effluent using a circular agitation tank with a volume of 2.12 m3.