Evaluación de la actividad nematicida de los extractos acetónico y metanólico de Pleurotus ostreatus.

Abstract

This study aims to demonstrate the nematicide action of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. The first stage in this process was to get an extract in acetone and methanol solvents by conducting the Soxhelt extraction method, which enables to get an extract coming from a solid combined with a solvent in a liquid phase. According to bibliographical sources, the composition of this extract contains the trans-2-decenedioic acid, which is responsible of eliminating the nematodes only with simple contact. The D. dipsaci nematode was the first of the nematodes species to be analyzed in the tests. This nematode came from samples collected from the soil of several red Onion (Allium cepa ) crops by means of the Baermann funnel method. Then, the Panagrellus redivivus was the second species of nematode coming from the replication of a mass culture of the roundworms. The test was based on the application of the extract at concentrations (25, 50, and 75%), in a determined amount of nematodes during one hour thus, determining, the index of mortality. The analysis of significant mean differences (smd), and a Tukey test with a level of significance of 0,05, were the statistical procedures to determine that the best result was obtained with the application of the acetone extract at a concentration of 75%, showing a mortality rate of 95% to eradicate the Ditylenchus dipsaci nematode. This concentration was applied for Panagrellus redivivus reporting a 92.55% of mortality while with the application of the 75% of methanolic, extract the mortality rate of the nematodes decreases to 84.98 and 80.75% respectively, it is recommended to enable the extract collection since the production time is very long.