Comparación económica productiva de los sistemas de producción de maíz duro del Ecuador y Colombia, durante el período 2007 – 2017.

Abstract

This research seeks to make an economic comparison between the hard corn production system of Ecuador with the system that manages Colombia, which includes the use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) seeds, and to determine the productive and economic dynamics of hard corn produced in Ecuador, an economic assessment of cultivation of transgenic corn in Colombia and simulate the productivity and economic benefits of transgenic corn that would reach the products of Ecuador and its tendency for ten years. Variables are analyzed such as production, number of hectares and yields with each technology, producer prices, imports of hard corn, and urea, Exchange rate and share of hard corn in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) for the two countries. The statistical analysis through principal components and multivariate linear agression with the SPSS software, determined that Ecuador, by not using corn with (GMO) from 2007 to 2017, it stopped producing a total of 2´209.043 tons of hard corn, which its equivalent is 645´131.066 USD. ; the trade balance from the year 2013 would have been positive, there would be an increase in total GDP per year on averaged of 0.09% ; and when projecting 10 years (2018-2027), Ecuador would produce 22´942.375 tons of hard corn, 43% of GDP technology, and generate an income of 5.597´939.613 USD. The Profit-Cost relationship of production dynamics of GDP corn in Colombia averaged 1.36 versus 0.81 that Ecuador had in the period 2007-2017. With the above described, it can be concluded that the research hypothesis can not be rejected. While it is true that public policies affect this sector for the two countries, but what remains in the farmers are intangibles resources such as knowledge of the improvement of production with new technologies.