Elaboración de un bioactivador a partir de un consorcio microbiano de los géneros: Pseudomonas spp., Paecilomyces spp. y Trichoderma spp. como posible reactivador de suelos erosionados de la parroquia Cacha, provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

A biaoctivator was developed from a microbial consortium with genres Pseudomonas spp., Paecilomyces spp. and Trichoderma spp., as a re-activator of eroded soils of the Cacha parish, province of Chimborazo. The physical-chemical and microbiological soils were characterized to know the real situation of them. The following parameters were analyzed: pH, humidity, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, C/N ratio, percentage of organic material, CFU/g of soil, which determined that the soil of the communities Chuyuc (Panadero), Cacha Obraje, San Pedro, Pucara Quinche, Caunag, San Antonio de Bashug, Verdepampa, Machangara, Cachaton, presented symptoms of erosion, so it needs a recovery. The fungi destined for this bio-activator Trichoderma spp and Paecilomyces spp. were isolated from the same soil, in the process it was possible to isolate different genders such as Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillum spp., Scedosporium spp., Rhizopus spp. To carry out the bio-formulation, the necessary quantities of the medium consisting of molasses and rice were determined. The bio-activator was elaborated with a microbial consortium containing 37.5% of Trichoderma spp., 37.5% of Paecilomyces spp. and 25% of Pseudomonas spp. on a substrate of 53% (w/w) of rice, 10% (w/w) of molasses and 37% (w/w) of distilled water. After the strains incubation the bio-activator was inoculated in the soil and its effectiveness was checked, germination index was analyzed, which showed an improvement of 49.80% applied the bio-activator, the pH that was attained an average of 7, in humidity an improvement of 53.68% was obtained, in terms of the carbon/nitrogen ratio the samples reached the low C/N ratio, it indicates that the organic material gives a good supply of N, K and S to the soil. Regarding the percentage of organic material an improvement of 24.32% was evidenced. The amount of CFU/g in the soil increased significantly by 70.56% in the applied bio-activator soil. In addition, protozoa were found in soil samples with the bio-activator, a microorganism that indicates a good source of organic material, available nutrients, appropriate physical-chemical conditions, adequate temperature and a good water supply. It is recommended to perform the effectiveness control of the bio-activator by testing it in soil plots, expanding the sample area, since the prototype applied in this research is of smaller proportions.