Compostaje de residuos sólidos orgánicos provenientes de los mercados municipales de la ciudad de Macas, mediante la técnica de takakura.

Abstract

The main objective was to compost organic waste from the municipal markets of Macas city, using the Takakura technique. Controls of the composting process were carried out through different laboratory tests, determining the quality of the compost through different physical-chemical, chemical and biological parameters. In this study, the Takakura seed was elaborated from a salty solution, a sweet solution, leaf litter, flour and sawdust, where salt and sugar concentrations were varied to 60%, 100% and 140%, forming 9 seeds with different concentrations. 9 terraces and 9 hills were made, where the terraces contained 500Kg of waste, 1000 Kg of seed, 27.54 Kg of sawdust and the hills1000 Kg. The substrates and initial liquids were characterized with analysis of: Organic matter (OM), Electrical conductivity (CE), Carbon / Nitrogen relation (C/N), macronutrients and micronutrients. In the composting process temperature, pH and humidity were controlled. 8 samplings were made with a total of 144 samples where several parameters were analyzed such as: pH, CE, IG, CIC and MO. In the final compost it was analyzed: heavy metals, macro and micronutrients, physical properties of the compost and C / N relation. The main ones showed a reduction of the MO and the temperature higher than 55ºC for more than 2 weeks, guaranteeing the sanitization of the product. The C / N relation fell to the allowed ranges (C/N <20) and the heavy metals were within the norm, classifying the compost in class A being suitable for agriculture. In conclusion, all the treatments had C / N, IG, MO and heavy metals within the international standards, being C3-S1D3 the best treatment, in adequate amounts to the Takakura seed.